Especially in the CNC processing industry, a large number of oil mist will affect the health of the workshop staff, and the equipment components immersed in the oil mist for a long time are also easy to receive damage, therefore, the oil mist separator is needed to eliminate the oil mist. According to the working principle of the classification, the oil mist separator is divided into centrifugal and electrostatic, the following to understand it.The working principle of the centrifugal type is:When the controller is connected to the power supply, the suction nozzle produces a strong negative pressure forcing the oil mist to be directed into the suction mist. The oil mist particles collide under the action of the wind wheel in the mist absorber, and the tiny particles gather into larger particles that can be controlled, which are intercepted under the block of the efficient mist absorbing material, and collected and recovered through the return port.The working principle of electrostatic type is:According to the second order principle of electrostatic field, the fine oil mist particles enter a strong electric field with the air flow and bring positive charge. When the particles with points reach the electric field between the purifier collection plates, the particles are attracted by the metal wash plate and adhere to the metal plate, so that the oil mist is separated from the air to achieve the purification effect.Comparison of centrifugal and electrostatic oil mist separators:The scope of application of centrifugal oil mist separator is relatively wide, and the requirements of multi-workshop environment are not very high; Electrostatic oil mist separator can only be used in a relatively dry workshop environment, for the workshop with very large fog, the conductive characteristics of water are easy to short-circuit the electric field of the oil mist separator.The separation effect of centrifugal oil mist separator is not as fine as that of electrostatic oil mist separator, and the diameter of separable particles of electrostatic oil mist separator can be as small as 0.01 micron.According to the working principle of the oil mist separator, we can divide it into centrifugal and electrostatic oil mist separators, and the introduction of its working principle is here, welcome to your attention.

Thin oil station is usually in a series of rotating equipment such as ventilation equipment, if serious leakage occurs during operation, it will cause serious losses to the actuator components, and even cause major shutdown and production accidents. Even a slight leakage may have an adverse impact on the site environment and normal production.Usually lubrication equipment accidentally appear such obstacles when we pay attention to maintenance, according to the traditional maintenance method, the labor consumption will be very large, the need to disassemble and repair the equipment and then reassemble, the required construction period is very long, so it will cause the machinery to stop operation for a long time, seriously affecting the normal production and operation of the enterprise, resulting in huge economic losses.However, with the continuous progress of science and technology, it is now possible to borrow polymer composite materials for rapid on-site management, which can reflect the characteristics of fast, convenient and durable when dealing with such problems, and avoid disassembly for on-site management leakage without stopping or less stopping, which not only saves a lot of repair time, but also improves work efficiency and avoids the delay.Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to some details during the operation of the thin oil station. Proper operation and maintenance should be carried out in strict accordance with the operation rules. If a major fault is found, it should be reported for repair in time to avoid the fault affecting the normal operation of the host.　　

By the oil tank, gear oil pump, monobar mesh filter, imported compressor refrigeration units, meters, pipes, valves, pressure regulator electrical control device can be composed of thin oil station, system work by the gear oil pump, from the refrigeration tank suction, through the check valve, monobar mesh filter, according to the use of pressure is sent to the transmission part of the equipment, after lubrication work, Pass through the mesh filter back to the tank.Low pressure oil station is mainly composed of oil tank, low pressure oil pump device, check valve, double barrel mesh filter, plate cooler, valve, automatic cut-off electric heater, thermometer, pressure gauge, pressure controller, oil level ruler, high and low oil level alarm and so on.Thin oil station is generally divided into two major systems, low pressure oil supply system and high pressure oil supply system. It is mainly composed of two low pressure gear pumps, two high pressure plunger pumps, double barrel mesh filter, oil cooler, oil tank, valve and some oil supply pipelines, plus electrical control cabinet. The high and low pressure pump power is generally 2.2KW, but this is not fixed, and can be configured according to the working conditions of the host. The working pressure of the low pressure oil supply system is 0.4Mpa, and the pressure of the high pressure oil supply system is 31.5Mpa. The pressure can be adjusted by adjusting the valve. When the host is started, low speed or stopped, the high pressure system is used to form a layer of static pressure oil film, and after running for some time until the host has a dynamic pressure oil film, the high pressure pump stops supplying oil, and the low pressure pump continues to supply oil to ensure the needs of the host operation lubrication.Hydraulic: Hydraulic elevator lifts are used as hydraulic pumps on hydraulic drives in the industry, for boosters and/or pumps hydraulic oil based on mineral oil or hydraulic lubricating fluids, such as: As hydraulic press, forging hammer, baler, baler, plate press, winch, hoist, variable pitch propeller and rudder adjustment unit, hatch, hydraulic rolling mill and machine tool hydraulic system, hydraulic oil pump, lubricating oil pump, fuel transfer pump, heating furnace hydraulic station, blast furnace fan lubrication station, finishing rolling thin oil station, rough rolling thin oil station, hydraulic equipment, HGC circulating pump, Finishing rolling transmission circulating pump, winding thin oil station, finishing high and low pressure thin oil station, rough rolling high and low pressure thin oil station.Some enterprises lack of understanding of thin oil station, poor management and use, resulting in slipper or large tile damage. The maintenance of sliding shoes or large tiles requires poor time and large maintenance workload. Therefore, in order to improve the operation rate of rotating equipment, in addition to the maintenance of the equipment itself, how to use the oil station is the most important thing.

Equipment lubrication management is the use of scientific management means, according to the requirements of technical specifications, to achieve reasonable lubrication and oil saving of equipment, in order to achieve the purpose of safe and normal operation of equipment. Enterprises in the lubrication management of the tasks have the following.1. Establish and improve the lubrication management organization, formulate various lubrication management rules and regulations, quota standard d 10 and post responsibility system of lubrication personnel at all levels.2. Organize the preparation of various technical management materials required for lubrication work. Such as: lubrication card, daily lubrication consumption quota, equipment oil change cycle, oil change process regulations, etc.3. Guide the relevant personnel to implement the management methods of "five fixed" lubrication (fixed point, fixed quality, quantitative, regular, fixed person) and "three filtration" (storage, distribution, refueling three filtration), and do a good job of on-site equipment lubrication.4. Check and monitor the lubrication status of the equipment at any time, take improvement measures in time, improve the lubrication device, solve the problems of the lubrication system, record and analyze the lubrication oil change situation, prevent the deterioration of the oil, and constantly improve the lubrication status.5. Assist the relevant personnel to control the oil leakage of the equipment, take effective measures to organize the recovery and recycling of waste oil.6. Collect the information of oil manufacturers to develop new oil products, and gradually make imported equipment oil domestic; Do a good job of substituting and blending oil in short supply.7. Manage the preparation and application of cutting fluids, cutting oils, emulsified oils and special oils.8. Cooperate with management and environmental protection units to treat industrial oil pollution wastewater of emulsion, cutting fluid, cutting oil, etc., to meet national wastewater discharge standards and avoid water pollution.9. Organize lubrication publicity and education and technical and business training for lubrication personnel at all levels.10. Organize the promotion and application of new lubricating oils and new materials, and exchange methods and experience of saving oil.Equipment lubrication management is the use of scientific management means, according to the requirements of technical specifications, to achieve reasonable lubrication and oil saving of equipment, in order to achieve the purpose of safe and normal operation of equipment. Enterprises in the lubrication management of the tasks have the following.1. Establish and improve the lubrication management organization, formulate various lubrication management rules and regulations, quota standard d 10 and post responsibility system of lubrication personnel at all levels.2. Organize the preparation of various technical management materials required for lubrication work. Such as: lubrication card, daily lubrication consumption quota, equipment oil change cycle, oil change process regulations, etc.3. Guide the relevant personnel to implement the management methods of "five fixed" lubrication (fixed point, fixed quality, quantitative, regular, fixed person) and "three filtration" (storage, distribution, refueling three filtration), and do a good job of on-site equipment lubrication.4. Check and monitor the lubrication status of the equipment at any time, take improvement measures in time, improve the lubrication device, solve the problems of the lubrication system, record and analyze the lubrication oil change situation, prevent the deterioration of the oil, and constantly improve the lubrication status.5. Assist the relevant personnel to control the oil leakage of the equipment, take effective measures to organize the recovery and recycling of waste oil.6. Collect the information of oil manufacturers to develop new oil products, and gradually make imported equipment oil domestic; Do a good job of substituting and blending oil in short supply.7. Manage the preparation and application of cutting fluids, cutting oils, emulsified oils and special oils.8. Cooperate with management and environmental protection units to treat industrial oil pollution wastewater of emulsion, cutting fluid, cutting oil, etc., to meet national wastewater discharge standards and avoid water pollution.9. Organize lubrication publicity and education and technical and business training for lubrication personnel at all levels.10. Organize the promotion and application of new lubricating oils and new materials, and exchange methods and experience of saving oil.

The control of oil leakage is one of the main tasks in equipment management and maintenance. Equipment oil leakage not only wastes a lot of oil, but also pollutes the environment, increases the workload of lubrication maintenance, and even causes equipment accidents and affects production in serious cases. Therefore, the control of oil leakage is one of the important measures to improve the technical state of equipment. Equipment oil leakage prevention and control is a wide range of technical work, especially in recent years, sealing technology has been greatly developed, many sealing new materials, new components, new devices, new processes, not only provides conditions for oil spill control, but also put forward higher requirements for technology, so it is necessary to strengthen its research and application and personnel. In addition to a few oil spill management can be solved in maintenance, most need to be combined with planned maintenance to carry out, serious leakage equipment must be developed in advance of the treatment plan.1. Oil spill and its classificationFor a single piece of equipment, the standard of no oil leakage should meet the following requirements:(1) The oil shall not drip to the ground, the external sealing of the machine tool shall not have oil seepage (although there is slight oil seepage at the external active connection, it does not flow to the ground, and it can be wiped off when cleaning on the day, but it is not oil seepage);(2) Some oil is allowed inside the machine tool, but it must not penetrate into the electrical box and the transmission belt;(3) The coolant shall not be mixed with the oil of the lubrication system or the working hydraulic system, nor shall it leak into the sliding guide surface;(4) The number of oil leaks shall not exceed 5% of the parts of the machine tool that may cause oil leaks.Equipment oil leakage is generally divided into oil seepage, dripping oil, flow oil three kinds:(1) Oil seepage For the part of the fixed connection, a drop of oil every half an hour is oil seepage. For the part of the active connection, one drop of oil every 5 minutes is oil infiltration.(2) Dripping oil drops a drop of oil every 2 to 3 minutes for dripping oil.(3) More than five drops of flow oil per lmin is flow oil.The level of oil leakage of equipment is divided into three grades: serious oil leakage, oil leakage and slight oil leakage.2. Ways to prevent oil spillsThe factors that cause oil leakage are many, there are congenital, such as improper design, quality problems in processing technology, seals and assembly process; There are also acquired nature, such as parts in use, especially seal failure, repair or improper assembly in maintenance. Due to the various forms of component structure, sealing parts, sealing structure, components, materials vary, so the method of treating leakage is also different, should be based on the factors of equipment leakage, starting from prevention, prevention and treatment, "the right medicine" for comprehensive management. There are several main ways to deal with oil spills:(1) Plugging Plugging is mainly the application of sealing technology to block the interface leakage channel, which is the most common leakage prevention method.(2) The method of dredging is mainly to make the combination surface does not accumulate oil, and the design should set back the oil groove, return oil hole, baffle and other dredging methods to prevent leakage.(3) The pressure difference in pressure equalization is one of the important reasons for equipment leakage. Therefore, pressure equalization measures can be adopted to prevent oil leakage. If the box of the machine tool is leaking oil for this reason, the vent hole can be opened in the upper part of the box to cause pressure balancing to prevent oil leakage.(4) When the damped fluid flows in the leakage channel, it will encounter a variety of resistance, so the channel can be made into various grooves with staggered teeth, artificially increasing the distance of leakage, increasing the resistance of the flow, if the resistance and pressure difference balance, it can be achieved without leakage (such as labyrinth oil seal).(5) Throw and throw is a commonly used method on many equipment, such as the reducer installation bearing is opened to cut the oil ditch, so that the oil will not flow out along the axis, and some equipment is equipped with an oil throw ring, the use of centrifugal force to prevent the medium from leaking along the axis.(6) Some parts of the leakage leakage is difficult to avoid, in addition to using other methods to reduce the amount of leakage, you can add the oil tray, oil cup, or flow into the oil pool, or regular cleaning.(7) Management to strengthen the management of oil leakage and leakage control is very important, to develop a plan to prevent and control oil leakage, equipped with the necessary technical force, the management work is included in the planned repair, the implementation of the post responsibility system, in the maintenance and repair to strengthen quality management, to achieve reasonable disassembly and assembly, in order not to destroy the nature of the sealing device. Strengthen the training of the backbone of equipment leakage prevention and control and popularize the knowledge of leakage prevention and control.Equipment leak control planEquipment management personnel and lubrication management technical personnel to do a detailed investigation of the oil leakage equipment, oil leakage location and cause registration and tabulation, and according to the severity of the oil leakage, the arrangement of leakage control plan and implementation plan.Controlling oil leakage and implementing leakage control program is not only a task of equipment maintenance management, but also one of the contents of energy saving and reducing consumption. The leakage control work should pay attention to the three links of inspection, treatment and management:(1) Check the phenomenon, find the leak, analyze the reasons, make plans, and put forward measures.(2) The use of plugging, sealing, connection, repair, welding, change, change and other methods to control oil leakage in view of actual problems.(3) Strengthen management and consolidate the effect of inspection and treatment. In strengthening management, we should combine the relevant work well. For example: establish and improve the lubrication management system and responsibility system, strict oil supply and waste oil recycling system, establish and improve reasonable original records and do a good job of statistics, establish lubrication stations, equipped with full-time personnel, strengthen inspection and formulate fuel consumption standards.Some enterprises in the lubrication management summed up the control of oil leakage of ten methods, namely: frequent, find, change, change, wrap, back, matching, lead, pad, welding equipment leakage cross method.(1) Diligent check, diligent ask, diligent treatment;(2) Look carefully for the location and cause of the oil leak;(3) to modify unreasonable structures and devices;(4) Replace failed seals and other lubricating components in time;(5) Wrap sealing tape, sealing line, etc. at the tubing joint;(6) Increase or expand the oil return hole, so that the oil return is smooth and does not spill;(7) Correctly matching the sealing ring and groove joint surface;(8) Install an oil guide pipe, oil break tank, oil baffle, etc. at the overflow and leakage;(9) Add a special paper pad or sealant to the bonding surface;(10) Weld the oil leak hole and oil eye.In addition, a good seal will also play a positive role in preventing and reducing oil leakage.

Equipment lubrication is an important part of equipment maintenance work, and its role is increasingly prominent. Equipment lubrication includes lubrication management and lubrication technology. In recent years, lubrication technology has developed rapidly, and its status in the field of equipment engineering has been significantly improved, becoming one of the four major engineering technologies.I. IntroductionAll kinds of mechanical equipment rely on the operation of its mechanism to achieve its intended function. The machine parts in contact with each other inevitably produce friction during movement, and lead to wear of the parts. Friction can be divided into dry friction, boundary friction and liquid friction according to different lubrication states. In order to reduce friction, reduce wear, reduce energy consumption, and improve equipment operation efficiency, the common measure is to lubricate the parts of the equipment relative to the movement. As far as the boundary friction is concerned, the lubrication principle is: the molecules of the lubricant combine with the friction surface of the part to form a boundary film, thereby reducing the coefficient of friction to varying degrees and reducing or preventing the wear of the part.There are more than 600 kinds of lubricants used for equipment lubrication. Lubricants can be divided into two categories: lubricating matrix and lubricating additives. The lubricating matrix is divided into natural lubricants and synthetic lubricants.Second, the development and application of lubrication technologyAt present, there are four aspects worthy of attention in the development of equipment lubrication technology, which are described as follows.1. Development and application of synthetic oil productsMineral oil is the most widely used in natural oil products. Whether mineral lubricating oil or grease, there are obvious lubrication effects and deficiencies. The outstanding disadvantages of natural lubricating oil are: (1) the viscosity of the oil changes with the change of the working environment temperature, which affects the lubrication effect of the machine; (2) It is easy to oxidize and deteriorate in the air, especially at high temperatures, and its stability is poor; (3) The friction coefficient is too large, and the motion power consumption is too large; (4) The oil is not easy to degrade and pollute the environment.In order to overcome the many problems existing in natural lubricants, since the 1930s, lubrication scientists began to develop synthetic lubricants. The United States and Germany have successively produced various specifications of synthetic lubricants and gradually promoted their application.The advantages of synthetic lubricating oil are: (1) good viscosity and temperature performance; (2) High temperature antioxidant stability, long service life, about six times that of mineral oil. Therefore, the number of oil changes can be reduced and materials can be saved. (3) Low volatility; (4) Reduce the friction coefficient by 20%-35%, reduce the power consumption by 4.4%-13.5%, and the individual reaches more than 30%; (5) Some brands are biodegradable and conducive to environmental protection.Although the price of synthetic lubricating oil is more expensive, it is generally 4-5 times that of mineral oil, but if it is selected appropriately, its total cost can still be reduced, and some can be reduced by 1/2.At present, the world's industrial developed countries generally attach importance to the use of synthetic lubricants, especially in automobiles. For example, in the United States, more than 90% of gasoline engines and more than 60% of diesel engines use multilevel synthetic oil; In Japan, 100% of gasoline engines and 52% of diesel engines use multigrade synthetic oils. In our country, only 13% of gasoline engines and 16% of diesel engines use multilevel synthetic oil.2. Development and application of precision filtration technologyIn order to maintain the cleanliness of the machine lubricating oil, it is stipulated in the equipment maintenance procedures that the oil should be filtered at any time or regularly to remove impurities. However, with the in-depth analysis of the failure of machine parts, there are new gains in the application of precision filtration technology. The failure of machine parts in operation is mainly manifested in four forms. For the prevention of fracture, deformation and corrosion, especially the first two failures, there are relatively reliable solutions. If measures are taken from the design (including the selection of materials, manufacturing and monitoring), wear is difficult to prevent.In recent years, the equipment engineers at home and abroad through the experimental research that the wear of the mechanical parts is manifested in three forms: friction wear, adhesive wear and abrasive wear. The first two kinds of wear can be prevented with good lubrication. The understanding of abrasive wear is not sufficient. A large number of experiments have proved that the particle impurities falling off metal parts in oil are the main cause of parts wear. Therefore, the number and shape of abrasive particles in the oil should be regularly detected to achieve timely removal. The commonly used method is to precisely filter the oil and filter out the impurities of 5μm, and the effect is remarkable. Swedish SKF bearing company's tests show that after removing 2 ~ 5μm of solid particles in the oil, the life of the bearing can be extended by 10-50 times; Japan BHP Steel company NSC rolling mill for a long time to implement "wet"Slip pollution prevention and control" has achieved remarkable results, with equipment failures reduced from more than 300 per year to 85, and the hydraulic pump update rate reduced by 80%.For precision filtration technology, some engineers call it "active maintenance", and defined as "monitoring and control of the root causes of damage (failure) of equipment parts, preventing parts failure, reducing equipment failure, and reducing maintenance of an active measure." Some academic papers refer to such measures as "true preventive maintenance". According to the report analysis of relevant units in the United States, the cost of "active maintenance" to ensure the normal operation of the hydraulic system of the equipment at a low cost is 1/180 of the cost of fault (after the event) maintenance, 1/130 of the regular (preventive) maintenance, and 1/80 of the state (predictive) maintenance. So, it calls this approach fourth generation maintenance.3. Development and application of lubricating additivesWith the progress of industrial technology and the improvement of equipment performance, ordinary mineral lubrication grease has been difficult to meet the needs of equipment operation. To this end, scientific and technological workers began to study the addition of a small amount (3%-5%) of special substances in the lubricant to improve its lubrication performance, this special substance is called lubrication additives. Lubricating additives generally do not change the viscosity and other properties of the lubricating matrix, nor do they react chemically with the lubricant. In summary, lubricating additives have the following effects: (1) improve the performance of the lubricant. Such as increasing the strength of the oil film; (2) Improve the working adaptability of the lubricant. Such as improving viscosity and temperature characteristics, reducing oil condensation point, eliminating foam in oil, etc.; (3) Increase the stability of the lubricant. Such as improving oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance; (4) Improve the surface of the partsPerformance and working condition. Such as improving the wear resistance of parts, repairing the wear of parts, and realizing the adaptive function.At present, the lubrication additives developed by countries in the world have 11 categories and thousands of varieties, of which the best is nano additives. This technology greatly improves the application effect of equipment lubrication.(1) Mechanism of nano additivesWhen the particle size of the substance is small to the nanometer level, usually in the range of 1-100nrn, many of the inherent properties of the substance itself are soil changes. This phenomenon is called the nano effect. Surface and interface effects, one of the nano effects, will make a leap in the family of lubricating additives.When particles of matter are refined, their surface area increases significantly, as does the number of atoms and molecules at the surface position. In general, the number of atoms and molecules on the surface of particles with a particle size of 100nrn only accounts for 2% of the total number of atoms and molecules. For the particle size of 10nrn, the number of atoms and molecules on the surface is 20%. The number of atoms and molecules on the surface of particles with a particle size of 1nm accounts for more than 90%.The crystal field environment and binding energy of the atoms and molecules on the surface of the particle are different from the atoms and molecules inside the particle. The surface atoms lack electrons around them, have many empty bonds, behave in an unsaturated state, and have extremely high chemical activity. Using this effect can greatly improve the effectiveness of lubricants.(2) Performance analysis of nano-additivesAt present, nano-additives mainly include nano-inorganic substances, nano-inorganic salts, nano-organic compounds, nano-organic polymer materials and nano-metal five categories. They have their own excellent performance, the most prominent are the following three aspects.① Improve the oil film strength. Due to the surface interface effect of nanoparticles, when the lubricating oil containing additives is in contact with the friction surface of the part, the nano adsorption film can be formed, and the nano reaction film can be formed during operation. Its strength is much stronger than the physical adsorption film, chemical adsorption film and chemical reaction film produced by traditional additives. And because its particle size is very small, it can drill ultra-fine gaps that micron grade additives cannot enter, making the lubrication effect better.② Improve the suspension density and uniformity of additives. Because of the small size and light weight of the nanoparticle, it is easy to suspend stably in the lubricating oil for a long time. For example, a 1μm3 additive particle, when it is refined into 10nrn particle size, the number of particles can be increased to 106. This is called the volume effect and the quantity effect of nanoparticles. The above properties are not available in ordinary additives.③ Realize the repair function of the parts. The repair function of nano-additives is reflected in two aspects. On the one hand, the nano-metal particles in the additive combine with the surface layer of the metal parts under the action of the catalyst to form a new lattice structure and fill up the wear marks. At the same time, the effect of optimizing the clearance of friction pair is achieved. On the other hand, when extreme pressure friction occurs in moving parts, nano-additives can form a metal ceramic magnetic protective layer on the surface of the parts, so that its hardness is greatly improved, so as to prevent new wear of the parts.4. Oil-gas lubrication technologyEquipment lubrication because of the structure of the equipment and the use of lubrication materials have a variety of lubrication methods. More advanced is the automatic timing oil feeding device, in which the application of oil mist lubrication is more common.At present, lubrication engineers are studying a new type of lubrication, that is, oil and gas lubrication technology. Compared with oil mist lubrication, it has obvious improvement in lubrication effect and oil consumption.The traditional oil mist lubrication is to atomize the oil into 0.5-2μm fog particles, which advance to the machine with the compressed air at the same speed. Oil and gas lubrication is to use a stepping oil feeder with 0.3-0.4MPa compressed air, at a flow rate of 30-80m/s, regularly and quantitatively spray oil droplets to the lubrication part at a speed of 0.02-0.05m/s.The main advantages of oil and gas lubrication are: (1) the oil consumption is 1/10-1/30 of the oil mist lubrication; (2) Less oil spill, which is conducive to improving the working environment; (3) Suitable for lubrication of parts working at high speed, heavy load and high temperature.Iii. ConclusionThe above several new lubrication technologies do have their outstanding advantages, but any advanced technology has its scope of application, and the above lubrication technology has some foreign experience. Lubrication engineers in the use of new lubrication technology and lubrication materials, should be based on the structure and operating conditions of their own equipment reasonable selection to achieve the best results.

1. Maintenance of equipmentBy wiping, cleaning, lubrication, adjustment and other general methods of equipment care to maintain and protect the performance and technical status of the equipment, called equipment maintenance. There are four main requirements for equipment maintenance:(1) Clean equipment inside and outside clean, the sliding surface, lead screw, rack, gear box, oil hole and other places without oil, no oil leakage, no air leakage, the equipment around the debris, debris, dirt to clean;(2) Neat tools, accessories, workpieces (products) should be placed neatly, pipelines, lines should be organized;(3) Good lubrication on time refueling or oil change, constant oil, no dry friction phenomenon, normal oil pressure, bright oil label, smooth oil circuit, oil quality meets the requirements, oil gun, oil cup, oil felt clean;(4) Safety comply with the safety operation procedures, do not overload the use of equipment, equipment safety protection devices are complete and reliable, timely elimination of unsafe factors.Equipment maintenance content generally includes daily maintenance, regular maintenance, regular inspection and accuracy inspection, equipment lubrication and cooling system maintenance is also an important content of equipment maintenance.The daily maintenance of equipment is the basic work of equipment maintenance, which must be institutionalized and standardized. For the regular maintenance of equipment, work quotas and material consumption quotas should be formulated, and the assessment should be carried out according to the quotas. The regular maintenance work of equipment should be included in the assessment content of the workshop contract responsibility system. Regular inspection of equipment is a planned preventive inspection, inspection means in addition to the human senses, but also a certain inspection tools and instruments, according to the regular inspection card, regular inspection is also called regular spot inspection. The accuracy of the mechanical equipment should also be checked to determine the actual accuracy of the equipment.Equipment maintenance should be carried out in accordance with the maintenance procedures. Device maintenance regulations are the requirements and regulations for routine maintenance of the device. Adhering to the maintenance regulations can extend the service life of the device and ensure a safe and comfortable working environment. Its main contents shall include:(1) The equipment shall achieve neat, clean, strong, lubricating, anti-corrosion, safety and other operation contents, operation methods, tools and materials used, standards and precautions;(2) Parts, methods and standards of daily inspection and maintenance and regular inspection;(3) Check and assess the content and methods of the operator to maintain the equipment.Two, three levels of equipment maintenance systemThe three-level maintenance system is a kind of maintenance and repair system that began in the mid-1960s in China, and gradually improved and developed on the basis of summarizing the former Soviet Union's planned pre-repair system in our country's practice, which reflects the shift of the center of gravity of China's equipment maintenance management from repair to maintenance, reflecting the progress of China's equipment maintenance management and the more clear policy of maintenance management based on prevention. The contents of the three-level maintenance system include: daily maintenance of equipment, first-level maintenance and second-level maintenance. The three-level maintenance system is a mandatory maintenance system based on the operator's maintenance and maintenance. The three-level maintenance system is an effective way to rely on the masses, give full play to the enthusiasm of the masses, implement group management group repair, special group combination, and do a good job in equipment maintenance.(1) Daily maintenance of equipmentThe daily maintenance of equipment generally has daily maintenance and weekly maintenance, also known as daily and weekly protection.1. Daily warrantyDaily routine protection is carried out by the equipment operator on duty, and the first four things in the class, five things in the class and four things after the class are carefully done.(1) The first four things of the class digestion pattern data, check the shift record. Wipe the equipment and lubricate it according to regulations. Check whether the position of the handle and the manual operation part are correct and flexible, and whether the safety device is reliable. Low speed operation check whether the transmission is normal, lubrication, cooling is smooth.(2) Class five pay attention to the operating sound, equipment temperature, pressure, liquid level, electrical, hydraulic, air pressure system, instrument signals, safety insurance is normal.(3) Four things to turn off the switch after work, and all the handles are placed in zero position. Remove iron filings and dirt, wipe the oil on the guide rail surface and sliding surface of the equipment, and add oil. Clean the working area, arrange accessories and tools. Fill in the shift record and the record when running the station, and handle the shift formalities.2. Weekly routine protectionWeekly protection is carried out by equipment operators every weekend, and the maintenance time is: general equipment 2h, fine, large and thin equipment 4h.(1) Clean the guide rail of the equipment, all transmission parts and exposed parts, and clean the work site. To achieve internal and external clean, no dead corners, no rust, the surrounding environment clean.(2) Control the transmission to check the technical status of each part, tighten the loose part, and adjust the clearance. Check interlocking and safety devices. To achieve normal transmission sound, safe and reliable.(3) hydraulic lubrication cleaning oil line, dust felt, oil filter, fuel tank or oil change. Check the hydraulic system to achieve clean oil, smooth oil circuit, no leakage, no scratch.(4) The electrical system wipes the surface of the motor and the snake tube, checks the insulation and grounding, and achieves integrity, cleanliness and reliability.(2) First level maintenanceLevel 1 maintenance is based on the operator, maintenance workers to assist, according to the plan of the local disassembly and inspection of the equipment, cleaning the specified parts, dredging the oil circuit, pipeline, replace or clean the oil line, felt, oil filter, adjust the gap between the various parts of the equipment, fastening the various parts of the equipment. The first level maintenance time is 4-8h, a record should be made after the completion of the warranty and indicate the defects that have not been cleared, and the workshop machinery staff organize acceptance. The scope of a guarantee should be all the equipment in use by the enterprise, and the key equipment should be strictly implemented. The main purpose of the first warranty is to reduce equipment wear, eliminate hidden dangers, extend the service life of the equipment, and provide guarantee for the completion of the production task during the next warranty period.(3) Two level maintenanceSecondary maintenance is based on maintenance workers, operator workers participate in to complete. Secondary maintenance is included in the maintenance plan of the equipment, partial inspection and repair of the equipment, replacement or repair of worn parts, cleaning, oil change, inspection and repair of electrical parts, so that the technical condition of the equipment fully meet the requirements of the stipulated equipment intact standards. The time used for secondary maintenance is about 7 days.After the completion of the second warranty, the maintenance workers should fill in the overhaul record in detail, and the workshop machinery and operator acceptance, acceptance documents submitted to the equipment power department for archived. The main purpose of the second warranty is to make the equipment meet the intact standard, improve and consolidate the equipment integrity rate, and extend the overhaul cycle.The implementation of the "three-level maintenance system" must make the operator do "three good", "four meeting", "four requirements" and comply with the "five disciplines". The three-level maintenance system highlights the status of maintenance in equipment management and planned overhaul work, makes the requirements of "three good" and "four meeting" more specific to the operator, and improves the knowledge and skills of the operator to maintain the equipment. The three-level maintenance system breaks through the relevant provisions of the former Soviet Union's planned pre-repair system, improves some shortcomings of the planned pre-repair system, and is more practical. In the implementation of the three-level maintenance system, we also learn and absorb some practices of the army's management of weapons, and emphasize group management and group repair. The three-level maintenance system has achieved good results and experience in Chinese enterprises. Due to the implementation of the three-level maintenance system, it effectively improves the integrity rate of enterprise equipment, reduces the accident rate of equipment, prolongs the period of major equipment repair, reduces the cost of major equipment repair, and achieves better technical and economic results.Three, fine, large, thin equipment use and maintenance requirements(1) Four sets of work(1) Designated users. According to the fixed person and the mechanism, the fine, large and thin equipment operators should choose those with a strong sense of responsibility, high technical level and rich practical experience in the type of work, and keep the relative stability for a long time as far as possible;(2) Fixed maintenance personnel. Enterprises with more fine, large and thin equipment can organize professional maintenance or repair teams for fine, large and thin equipment according to the conditions of the enterprise, and are specifically responsible for the inspection, accuracy adjustment, maintenance and repair of fine, large and thin equipment;(3) Determine the operating procedures. Fine, large, thin equipment should be divided into models one by one to prepare operating procedures, display and strictly implement;(4) order spare parts. According to the role of various fine, large and thin equipment in the production of enterprises and the source of spare parts, determine the reserve quota, and give priority to solve.(2) Precision equipment use and maintenance requirements(1) The equipment must be installed in strict accordance with the instructions;(2) Equipment with special requirements for the environment (constant temperature, constant humidity, shock, dust) enterprises should take appropriate measures to ensure the accuracy of equipment performance:(3) During the daily maintenance of the equipment, it is not allowed to disassemble the parts, stop the equipment immediately when it is found abnormal, and it is not allowed to run with illness;(4) Strictly implement the cutting specifications specified in the equipment manual, and only allow parts to be finished according to direct use. Machining allowance should be as small as possible. When processing castings, the blank surface should be sandblasted or painted in advance;(5) Non-working hours should be covered, long time stop, should be regularly wiped, lubricated, empty operation;(6) Accessories and special tools should have a special cabinet shelf shelf, keep clean, prevent research damage, may not be borrowed.Fourth, the use and maintenance requirements of power equipmentPower equipment is the key equipment of the enterprise, in the operation of high temperature, high pressure, flammable, toxic and other risk factors, is to ensure safe production of the key parts, in order to achieve a safe continuous and stable supply of the kinetic energy required for production, the use and maintenance of power equipment should have special requirements:(1) Operation personnel must be trained in advance and pass the examination;(2) There must be complete technical data, safe operation technical procedures and operation records;(3) The operator shall carry out inspection at any time during the duty, and shall not leave the work at will;(4) When there is an abnormal situation in the operation process, the personnel on duty shall deal with it urgently according to the operating procedures and report to the superior in time;(5) Ensure that various indicating instruments and safety devices are sensitive and accurate, and check regularly. The standby equipment is complete and reliable;(6) The power equipment shall not operate with disease, and the failure of any place must be eliminated in time;(7) Regular preventive tests and seasonal inspections;(8) Regularly carry out safety education for the personnel on duty and strictly implement the security system.5. Regional maintenance of equipmentRegional maintenance of equipment is also called maintenance package mechanism. Maintenance workers undertake equipment maintenance work in a certain production area, and work with production and operation workers to do daily maintenance, tour inspection, regular maintenance, planned repair and troubleshooting, etc., and be responsible for completing the assessment indicators such as equipment integrity rate and failure shutdown rate in the management area. Regional maintenance responsibility system is a good form to strengthen equipment maintenance for production services, mobilize the enthusiasm of maintenance workers and make production workers take the initiative to care about equipment maintenance and repair work.The main organization form of professional equipment maintenance is regional maintenance group. The Regional maintenance team is fully responsible for equipment maintenance and emergency repair work in the production area, and its tasks are:(1) Responsible for the maintenance and repair of the equipment in the area, to ensure the completion of the equipment integrity rate, failure and shutdown rate and other indicators;(2) Conscientiously implement the equipment regular spot inspection and regional inspection system, guide and urge the operator to do daily maintenance and regular maintenance work;(3) Participate in the equipment condition survey, accuracy check, adjustment, leakage treatment, fault analysis and condition monitoring under the guidance of the workshop mechanic.The advantages of this form of equipment maintenance organization are that there is a high degree of mobility when completing emergency repairs, so that the equipment repair downtime is minimal, and the fitter on duty can complete various preventive operations and participate in planned repairs when no one is called.The division of equipment maintenance areas should consider the distribution of production equipment, equipment status, technical complexity, production needs and the technical level of repair fitters. Workshop equipment can be divided into several areas according to the above factors, and regional maintenance groups can also be divided according to the type of equipment. The equipment of the production line should be divided into maintenance areas according to the line.The regional maintenance team should prepare regular inspection and accuracy inspection plans, and specify the routine inspection time of the equipment for each shift. In order not to affect production, the planned inspection of equipment should be arranged on non-working days of the factory, and the routine inspection of each shift should be arranged during the lunch break of production workers.Measures to improve the level of equipment maintenanceIn order to improve the level of equipment maintenance, the maintenance work should be basically three, that is, standardization, technology and institutionalization.Standardization is to unify the maintenance content, which parts to clean, which parts to adjust, which devices to check, according to the situation of each enterprise according to objective laws to be considered and stipulated.Technology is to formulate various maintenance process regulations according to different equipment, and maintain according to regulations.Institutionalization is to stipulate different maintenance cycles and maintenance times according to different working conditions of different equipment, and strictly implement them.For regular maintenance work, work hour quota and material consumption quota should be established and assessed according to the quota.The maintenance of equipment should be evaluated according to the contract responsibility system of production economy. At the same time, the enterprise should also mobilize the masses to carry out the equipment maintenance work of the combination of groups, carry out self-inspection, mutual inspection, and carry out the equipment inspection